perangkat lunak komputer,,

Nama lain dari Software adalah perangkat lunak. Seperti nama lainnya itu, yaitu perangkat lunak, sifatnya pun berbeda dengan hardware atau perangkat keras, jika perangkat keras adalah komponen yang nyata yang dapat diliat dan disentuh oleh manusia, maka software atau Perangkat lunak tidak dapat disentuh dan dilihat secara fisik, software memang tidak tampak secara fisik dan tidak berwujud benda tapi bisa di operasikan.

Pengertian Software komputer adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Melalui sofware atau perangkat lunak inilah suatu komputer dapat menjalankan suatu perintah

Software atau perangkat lunak komputer berdasarkan distribusinya dibedakan menjadi beberapa macam, yaitu software berbayar, software gratis atau free ( Freeware, free software, shareware, adware) .

Software berbayar merupakan perangkat lunak yang didistribusikan untuk tujuan komersil, setiap pengguna yang ingin menggunakan atau mendapatkan software tersebut dengan cara membeli atau membayar pada pihak yang mendistribusikannya. pengguna yang menggunakan software berbayar umumnya tidak diijinkan untuk menyebarluaskan software tersebut secara bebas tanpa ijin ada penerbitnya. contoh software berbayar ini misalnya adalah sistem microsoft windows, microsoft office, adobe photo shop, dan lain-lain.

Freeware atau perangkat lunak gratis adalah perangkat lunak komputer berhak cipta yang gratis digunakan tanpa batasan waktu, berbeda dari shareware yang mewajibkan penggunanya membayar (misalnya setelah jangka waktu percobaan tertentu atau untuk memperoleh fungsi tambahan). Para pengembang perangkat gratis seringkali membuat perangkat gratis freeware “untuk disumbangkan kepada komunitas”, namun juga tetap ingin mempertahankan hak mereka sebagai pengembang dan memiliki kontrol terhadap pengembangan selanjutnya. Freeware juga didefinisikan sebagai program apapun yang didistribusikan gratis, tanpa biaya tambahan. Sebuah contoh utama adalah suite browser dan mail client dan Mozilla News, juga didistribusikan di bawah GPL (Free Software).

Free Software lebih mengarah kepada bebas penggunaan tetapi tidak harus gratis. Pada kenyataannya, namanya adalah karena bebas untuk mencoba perangkat lunak sumber terbuka (Open Source) dan di sanalah letak inti dari kebebasan: program-program di bawah GPL, sekali diperoleh dapat digunakan, disalin, dimodifikasi dan didistribusikan secara bebas. Jadi free software tidak mengarah kepada gratis pembelian tetapi penggunaan dan distribusi. Begitu keluar dari lisensi kita dapat menemukan berbagai cara untuk mendistribusikan perangkat lunak, termasuk freeware, shareware atau Adware. Klasifikasi ini mempengaruhi cara di mana program dipasarkan, dan independen dari lisensi perangkat lunak mana mereka berasal.

Perbedaan yang nyata antara Free Software dan Freeware. Konflik muncul dalam arti kata free dalam bahasa Inggris, yang berarti keduanya bebas dan gratis. Oleh karena itu, dan seperti yang disebutkan sebelumnya, Free Software tidak perlu bebas, sama seperti Freeware tidak harus gratis.

Shareware juga bebas tetapi lebih dibatasi untuk waktu tertentu. Shareware adalah program terbatas didistribusikan baik sebagai demonstrasi atau versi evaluasi dengan fitur atau fungsi yang terbatas atau dengan menggunakan batas waktu yang ditetapkan (misalnya 30 hari) . Dengan demikian, memberikan pengguna kesempatan untuk menguji produk sebelum membeli dan kemudian membeli versi lengkap dari program. Sebuah contoh yang sangat jelas dari tipe ini adalah perangkat lunak antivirus, perusahaan-perusahaan ini biasanya memudahkan pelepasan produk evaluasi yang hanya berlaku untuk jumlah hari tertentu. Setelah melewati maksimum, program akan berhenti bekerja dan Anda perlu membeli produk jika Anda ingin tetap menggunakannya.

Kita juga dapat menemukan perangkat lunak bebas sepenuhnya, namun termasuk dalam program periklanan, distribusi jenis ini disebut Adware. Sebuah contoh yang jelas adalah program Messenger dari Microsoft yang memungkinkan penggunaan perangkat lunak bebas dalam pertukaran untuk masuk dengan cara iklan banner atau pop-up.

Itulah artikel penjelasan mengenai pengertian software atau perangkat lunak komputer. Semoga ulasan di atas dapat menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan kamu di bidang komputer.

who want free sunglasses ? check it out

who want free sunglasses ? check it out

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Firmoo Blog Link
Following is the link from another blogger address http://bloggerfreegifts.blogspot.com/2012/02/good-news-summer-gift-for-bloggers.html for your reference.



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If you are a blogger, and we will send you a pair of sunglasses (both regular or prescription) or eyeglasses (also both plano or prescription) , we will pay all the expenses including the shipping.

As an exchange, we are sincerely asking for your favor to add a link of our website at the front page of your blog? If your blog is of independent domain, it will be highly preferred. For the anchor text and the name of website for the LINK, we will send to you after we receive your email.

If you need some kind of vision correction, i.e. you are near-sighted or far-sighted, please obtain your prescription from your eye doctor and then scan the copy to us. If you do not need any vision correction, then you can choose plano glasses or regular sunglasses.

Please you may choose your plano glasses or prescription eyeglasses at
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And you can also choose your regular sunglasses or prescription (RX) sunglasses at :
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Thanks ahead for spreading the mouth for us!

If you have further questions, please send me email at: liwenjie@yahoo.com

visit indonesia 2011

                                     

 

Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. It is one of the country's 33 provinces with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island (strictly speaking, the province covers a few small neighbouring islands as well as the isle of Bali).

                                     

Bali Island, the perfect holiday destination for all ages offers something for everyone. Bali offers not just various customs but also various "adrenalin pump" parks. Many exciting amusements are available in Bali, with something new opening all the time. The number of offshore and inland attraction are on the rise because many tourists want them. This tropical paradise has a unique blend of modern tourist facilities combined with wonderful shopping and a rich past and heritage. After white water rafting that has gained popularity in Bali, comes offshore rafting or ocean rafting. The more adventurous sort of amusement has now become an alternative sport for tourists. Meanwhile white water rafting is still a popular activity with trips on Ayung, Telaga Waja, Unda Rivers, etc. The tourists can refresh their mind by watching beautiful scenery along the route. Those are not enough, some of the best surfing beaches in the world can be found on the western side of the island whilst conversely the eastern side is a wonderful haven for families, with beautiful white sand beaches and gentle seas.

                                     
 

 Bali is small island, just 140 Km by 80 Km and lies between Java, the most highly populated and influential of all the islands, and Lombok, one of the quieter and moderately slower paced islands. Like many islands, Bali has developed a world of its own. It not only captures what is special about Indonesia but also has a uniqueness of its own.

                                    

The culture of Bali is unique. People say that the Balinese people have reached self-content. The Balinese people are proud of having preserved their unique Hindu culture against the advance of Islam, the dominant religion throughout Indonesia. This is still reflected in days to day life and can be seen in the numerous ceremonies, Balinese festivals and magnificent temples and palaces. The Balinese are skilled artisans, particularly in woodcarving and in fashioning objects of tortoiseshell and of gold, silver and other metals. The Balinese are noted for their traditional dance, the distinctive music of the gamelan and for their skills in weaving cloth of gold and silver threads, Songket, as well as for embroidering silk and cotton clothing. Stone and woodcarvings, traditional and modern paintings and intricately designed jewelry in gold and silver are readily available in shops and galleries throughout the island.

As for recreation, there is no shortage of options. Nature walks, horseback riding, diving, surfing - even bungy jumping and white water rafting - await the adventurous here.

Geographically

                                        

Bali is volcanically active and extravagantly fertile. Bali has an area of 5620 sq km, measures approximately 140 km by 80 km and is just 8 degrees south of the equator. Mount Agung known as the 'mother mountain' is over 3000 meters. South and north of the central mountains are Bali's fertile agricultural lands. The southern region is a wide, gently sloping area where most of Bali's abundant rice crop is grown. The south-central area is the true rice basket of the Island. The northern coastal strip is narrower, rising more rapidly into the foothills of the central range, but the main export crops, coffee, copra and rice, are grown here. Cattle are also raised in this area.

Climate

                                  

 Bali has a climate that is tropical all year. The average temperature hovers around 30 degrees Celsius year-round. There are dry and wet seasons -dry from April to September and wet from October to March- but it can rain at any time of year and even during the wet season rain is likely to pass quickly. In general May to August are the best months in Bali. At that time of year the climate is likely to be cooler and the rains lightest. Around the coast, sea breezes temper the heat and as we move inland we also move up so the altitude works to keep things cool. It can get very cool up in the highlands and a warm sweater can be a good idea in mountain villages like Kintamani or Bedugul.

Population

                                    

 With 2.5 million people, Bali is a very densely populated island. The population is almost all Indonesian, with the usual small Chinese contingent in the big towns, a sprinkling of Indian merchants, plus a number of more or less permanent visitors amongst the Westerners in Bali.

Culture

                                     

 Each stage of Balinese life is marked by a series of ceremonies and rituals known as Manusa Yadnya. They contribute to the rich, varied and active life the average Balinese leads. There are ceremonies for every stage of Balinese life but often the last cremation ceremony is the biggest. A Balinese cremation can be an amazing, spectacular, colorful, noisy and exciting event. In fact it often takes so long to organize a cremation that years have passed since the death. During that time the body is temporarily buried. Of course an auspicious day must be chosen for the cremation and since a big cremation can be very expensive business many less wealthy people may take the opportunity of joining in at a larger cremation and sending their own dead on their way at the same time. Brahmans, however, must be cremated immediately. Apart from being yet another occasion for Balinese noise and confusion it's a fine opportunity to observe the incredible energy the Balinese put into creating real works of art which are totally ephemeral. There are a lot more than a body gets burnt at the cremation. The body is carried from the burial ground (or from the deceased's home if it's an 'immediate' cremation) to the cremation ground in a high, multi-tiered tower made of bamboo, paper, string, tinsel, silk, cloth, mirrors, flowers and anything else bright and colorful we can think of. The tower is carried on the shoulders of a group of men, the size of the group depending on the importance of the deceased and hence the size of the tower. The funeral of a former rajah high priest may require hundreds of men to tote the tower.